Questionnaire:

• Information of the project / challenges

• Expected kind of PFAS or heavy metals, concentration, volume, volume/time, origin of the solution, known and unknown by-products, targeted limits, site requirements

• Availability of samples

• Timeline of the project

• Further processing like incineration or regeneration

Tasks:

• Quantitative analysis of 20 PFAS according to European guidelines with HPLC-MS/MS

• Qualitative analysis of 149 PFAS possible with HPLC-MS/MS

• Quantitative analysis of heavy metals and precious metals with ICP-OES or AAS

-----

Results:

• Assessment of the ability to reduce/remove the compounds with instrAction resins.

• The results will guide to the next steps, e.g. selection of resins etc.

-----

Scope of Delivery:

• Formal analytical report

• First project layout

-----

Timeline:

• 2 weeks

Tasks:

• Batch-absorption test (Isotherms)

• Dependency of depletion on flow rate (productivity) is investigated

• Break-through experiments

• Fractions are taken twice a day, leading to ca. 50 samples (including blanks, feed etc.), which are analysed with

• HPLC-MS/MS for the individual PFAS

• ICP-OES or AAS for the individual metal

• If regeneration is desired from customer site, a corresponding protocol will be developed and charged separately

-----

Results:

• Individual depletion rates and a first capacity assessment for the different compounds in the solution

• Estimation of lifetime

• Assessment of required resin volumes, rough calculation of exchange frequency etc.

• Necessity of pre-treatment like filtration or pH-adjustment

• In the case regeneration is desired, a corresponding protocol is developed and tested, which may cause extra costs

-----

Scope of Delivery :

• Written report and discussed in a meeting (online or on-site)

• First process layout and calculation of potential resin costs.

-----

Timeline:

• 6-10 weeks

Tasks:

• The most promising resin or resin motive will be used for pilot testing

• Resin volume of 0,3 – 1 L

• Scale-up tests, including flow rate variations, investigation of depletion rates, study of back-pressure behaviour

• At instrAction, customer site or third-party site

• Fractions (ca. 100) will be taken and analysed for

• PFAS will be analysed with HPLC-MS/MS, heavy metals with ICP-OES or AAS

-----

Results:

• Prove, that the system works like expected after feasibility study and a potential change in particle size.

• Process parameters will be proven or adjusted.

• Reliable, meaningful data are available, which allow a more precise calculation of the final process.

• The application protocol is ready for further scale-up and transfer to customer.

-----

Scope of Delivery:

• Written report or Manual

• Instructions how to handle and implement the resin, including process parameters, detailed advice for use, calculation of final process

• Detailed proposal for the method transfer and on-site pilot

-----

Timeline:

• 6-8 weeks